İstanbul serbest piyasada sabah açılışta 1.7750 TL'ye ulaşarak rekor kıran dolar, 1.79 TL'yi de aştı. 
Bankalararası piyasada dolar 1,7740 TL ile tarihi rekor seviyesinden güne başladı. Dolar/TL en son 23 Mart 2003'te 1,7710 seviyesine yükselmişti.
İstanbul serbest piyasada sabah açılışta 1,7750 TL'ye ulaşarak rekor kıran dolar, bu seviyelerdeki seyrini koruyor.
Dün öğleden sonra 1,7500-1,7700 aralığında dalgalı bir seyir izledikten sonra 1,7500 TL seviyesinden kapanan dolar, sabah açılışta 1,7750 TL seviyesine çıkarak rekorla güne başladı. Doların daha sonraki dakikalarda da bu seviyeleri koruduğu gözlendi.
Doların bugüne kadar gördüğü en yüksek seviye 1.75-1.77 TL aralığı oldu. Bu seviye daha önce 2001 Kasım, 2003 Mart ve 2006 Haziran aylarında denendi ve dolar bu seviyeden geri geldi. Bu yüzden söz konusu seviye, teknik anlamda tarihi bir direnç olarak kabul ediliyordu. Uzmanlara göre, bu seviyenin kırılmış olması için akşam kapanışının bu seviyelerden gerçekleşmesi gerekmekte.
Bankalararası piyasada da dolar kotasyonları alışta en düşük 1,7640 TL, en yüksek 1,7710 TL, satışta en düşük 1,7720 TL, en yüksek 1,7740 TL seviyesinde işlem görmüş, daha sonra ise 1,7790 seviyeleri görülmüştü.
İLK HEDEF 1.85
Alternatif Yatırım Genel Müdür Yardımcısı Murat Salar, doların 1.75'in üzerinde kalması halinde ilk hedefin 1.85 olduğunu söyledi. Salar'a göre Merkez Bankası'ndan müdahale gelmeemsi halinde dolar 2 TL'ye kadar gidebilir.
Garanti Bankası Döviz Masası Yöneticisi Hakan Kuyumcuoğlu da benzer şekilde doların 1.75'in üzerinde kalması halinde önümüzdeki dönemde 1.862ya kadar gidebileceğini kaydetti.
Ata Yatırım Genel Müdür Yardımcısı Nergis Kasabalı, dolarda yılın ilk yarısı içerisinde 1.85'in biraz üzerinin görülebileceğini söyledi. Piyasanın genelinde böyle bir beklenti olduğuna işaret eden Kasabalı, "İlk etapta 1.80'leri gördüğümüzde bir miktar dövizden borsaya geçiş olabilir" dedi.
CNN TÜRK'te yayınlanan Parametre programının yapımcısı Yiğit Bulut, "Dünyada yeni bir satış dalgası oluşmasına rağmen 1.77 kırılamadı. Merkez Bankası müdahalesi gelebilir kısa bir süre içinde" dedi
16:23 - 8/3/2009 - {yok} -
GM’nin iflas edebileceğine yönelik açıklamayla 1.80 TL’ye dayanarak tarihi seviyeye çıkan dolar, ABD tarım dışı istihdam verisiyle 1.77 TL’ye geriledi
Global durgunluk endişelerine otomotiv devi General Motors’un mali yeterliliğini kaybetmesi durumunda iflas edebileceğine yönelik açıklamasıyla dolardaki hızlı yükseliş dün de devam etti. Dolar, bankalararası piyasada 1.7940 TL ile tarihi zirvesini yeniledi. Euro da 2.2797 ile en yüksek seviyesine çıktı. İstanbul Borsası ise gün içinde yüzde 1’i aşan oranda değer kaybederken, Avrupa borsalarının yükselmesinin etkisiyle günü yüzde 0.80 değer kazanarak 23 bin 220 puandan tamamladı.
Borsada satış yapan yabancı yatırımcıların dolara yöneldikleri görüldü. Dövizdeki yükseliş sonrasında piyasalarda gözler Merkez Bankası’na çevrildi. Ancak uzmanlar, global riskten kaçış eğilimiyle dövizdeki yükselişin beklentiler dahilinde olduğunu, Merkez Bankası’nın piyasaya doğrudan müdahale etmesini beklemediklerini söyledi.
Doların 1.78-1.79 TL seviyelerinde kalması durumunda 1.85 TL’ye çıkabileceğine dikkat çeken uzmanlar, piyasaların olumlu bir haber beklediğini, IMF ile anlaşma konusunda bir açıklamanın yükselişi frenleyebileceğine kaydetti.
Bu arada, kredi derecelendirme kuruluşu Fitch, Türk bankalarının sistemik olarak zorluklara daha iyi hazırlıklı durumda olduğunu belirtti.
ABD istihdam verisi
Öğleden sonra ABD tarım dışı istihdam verisinin şubatta 651 binle beklentiler seviyesinde azalmasıyla dolar, euro ve yen karşısında değer kaybetti. Doların yurtdışı piyasalardaki değer kaybıyla yurtiçinde de kur 1.77 TL’ye kadar geriledi.
Güne yüzde 1’e yakın değer kaybıyla başlayan Avrupa borsaları da ABD istihdam verisiyle yükselişe geçti. Önceki gün 12 yılın en düşük seviyesine düşen ABD borsasında Dow Jones endeksi de yüzde 1 yükselişle açıldı.
Piyasalar önlem bekliyor
Piyasaların son dönemde tedirginliğini artıran en önemli gelişmelerden birinin Doğu Avrupa’ya yönelik endişeler olduğuna dikkat çeken uzmanlar şu yorumda bulundu:
“Avrupa, ABD ekonomileri daralıyor. Bu durgunluğun daha ne kadar devam edeceği belirsiz. Öte yandan, AB’den beklenen ekonomik paket çıkmadı. Doğu Avrupa bankalarının Avrupa’ya etkisinin boyutu belirlenemiyor. AIG, GM ve bankalardan olumsuz haberler geliyor. Riskten kaçış eğilimiyle yatırımcılar, gelişmekte olan ülkelerden çıkıyor. Piyasaların rahatlaması için hükümetlerin daha kalıcı önlemler açıklaması gerekiyor.”
16:22 - 8/3/2009 - {yok} -
| As technology makes life richer and easier, we leave a trail of information that is susceptible to prying eyes
Within the next four months, a major Bay Area supermarket chain plans to introduce a payment system that uses biometric fingerprint authentication to verify customers' identities. Under this system, shoppers in checkout lines won't need to use cash, checks, debit cards or credit cards. Instead, they can place their fingers on scanners that read fingerprints, and once the device links to their bank or credit card accounts, they can buy groceries, get cash back and do everything else shoppers do.
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[Podcast: Insight Editor Jim Finefrock and reporter Jonathan Curiel talk about how Americans might as well face up the fact that there is little privacy left.]
The system is already used in cities around the United States, including Portland, Ore., and Chicago, where one shopper says it has changed his life for the better. Linc Thelen, a 37-year-old interior designer, says the fingerprint system -- known commercially as Pay By Touch -- is convenient to use and expedites his way through grocery lines at Jewel-Osco, where he shops. Thelen says the system lets people leave their wallets behind, so they don't have to worry about being robbed or losing their credit cards.
"I had no reservation," Thelen said in a phone interview. "It's a safe way to store information."
But no system is 100 percent foolproof.
Despite the fact that armed men guard the computers that store the customers' virtual fingerprints, despite the fact that Bank of America's former security chief now heads Pay By Touch's security division, and despite the fact that Pay By Touch hires people to try to expose vulnerabilities in its computer system (so those vulnerabilities can be eliminated), Pay By Touch President John Morris acknowledges that "it's not impossible" for computer hackers to figure out how to tamper with its information.
And therein lies one of the 21st century's most vexing problems: More and more of our personal data are captured and stored by corporate and government interests, and are potentially available to anyone with the technological, legal or financial means to access that information.
Whether it's phone calls we make, library books we check out, CDs we buy on the Internet or divorces we finalize in court, we leave a trail of information that becomes susceptible to prying eyes. For the price of a bus pass, you can pay a company to supply anyone's address, phone number, political affiliation, estimated income and property history. For $20 more, you can find out if that person is married or divorced, has a criminal record, and what sort of jobs he or she has worked.
Sen. Hillary Clinton, D-N.Y., says she will introduce a "privacy bill of rights" because identity theft and security failures of personal records have become "one of the most important issues facing us as individuals and as a nation."
The availability of personal information -- downloadable onto laptop computers, which are increasingly being fitted with fingerprint technology -- is changing the culture in ways that may seem trivial but are really benchmarks for a new society already in its formative stages.
A small example: Unbeknownst to the men who date her, Judy runs background checks on all of them, using a private investigator to dig out any "red flags" that would presage troubling behavior. A businesswoman in Southern California, Judy, 50, uses a company called DateSmart, whose client base has boomed in the past five years as more people confront the perils of online dating.
"I'm glad the information is out there," says Judy, who did not want her last name used because of concerns her suitors would read this article. "The men I'm talking to online are complete strangers. And I have absolutely no knowledge of their character other than what they're saying in their profiles. I need to feel comfortable knowing that they're not an ax murderer. The people you meet might be well dressed, but you never know if they have any criminal history. It's for (my) safety."
Background checks are nothing new. What's changed are the speed with which you can obtain them, their relatively small price (some companies advertise free checks) and their growing public acceptance. The information revolution has transformed the background check into a common and casual tool, and those being scrutinized probably don't have a clue. More obvious are the security cameras embedded in nearly every major American city, including New York, Milwaukee, Chicago, Atlanta, Los Angeles and, yes, San Francisco, where lenses record people's activities in such crime-ridden neighborhoods as Bayview-Hunters Point and the Western Addition. The spread of these cameras is championed by authorities, who say it reduces criminal activity, and criticized by the ACLU, which says the equipment is an unnecessary intrusion into public spaces.
Civil liberties groups have joined the widespread outcry against the government's monitoring of Americans' phone-call records. Two weeks ago in federal court, the ACLU challenged the legal rationale behind the National Security Agency program, arguing that the NSA's actions -- involving "data mining" of records provided by AT&T and other telephone companies -- violate Americans' rights to free speech and privacy as guaranteed under the First and Fourth Amendments. Last week, privacy experts raised questions about the U.S. government's monitoring of international bank transfers -- previously secret data surveillance officials say is justified by the fight against terrorism.
Americans' rights to privacy will be tested even more in the next few years as biometric technology creeps increasingly into everyday arenas. For example, on the campus of UC San Diego, biometric experts are testing a soda machine that uses both fingerprint and face-recognition technology. The machine is in a lounge for grad students in UC San Diego's computer science building.
"The students are very excited about getting it working," Serge Belongie, a UC San Diego associate professor of computer science, says in a phone interview. "People think it's very cool. ... No one uses money. They have accounts. What would be fun is if (the machine) recognizes you and says, 'Would you like your usual?' "
If UC San Diego students are reluctant to use the machine, their privacy concerns are outweighed by convenience -- a sentiment echoed in survey after survey on biometric technology. In March, Unisys Corp. released a report on public perception of "identity management" that said convenience and efficiency were the two biggest reasons consumers would use biometric technology. (The most preferred biometric methods are fingerprints and voice recognition, according to the survey. The least preferred, because of its perceived intrusiveness, is an iris or eye scan.)
Two of the biggest turnoffs for those who shun biometric technology: suspicion of how the technology works and loss of privacy. Among respondents from North America, just 56 percent said they'd be willing to share their fingerprint with a government organization such as a post office or tax authority. Among respondents from the Asia-Pacific region, 71 percent said they'd share their fingerprint with the government.
"As consumer confidence grows in the large-scale usage of (biometric technology) and standards are more generally comfortably adopted, you're going to see a pretty rapid migration" to it, says Mark Cohn, Unisys vice president for homeland security solutions.
Cohn, a principal architect of the Department of Homeland Security's US-VISIT Exit system, which uses fingerprint technology to run background checks on visa applicants and verify their entry to and arrival from the United States, says Malaysia offers a preview of how the United States may change in the coming years.
Since 2001, the Malay government has issued a biometric "multipurpose card" to Malaysians 12 years and older. The card, which features a thumbprint and photograph, acts as a passport, driver's license, ATM card, toll and parking pass, and medical record that lists blood type and any allergies.
The card is convenient to use -- but it's a nightmare for Malaysians who lose it or have it stolen. Crime syndicates in Malaysia have altered cards with different photographs and used them to give members new identities, though the Malay government insists these identity thieves can't access the original cardholders' personal information. Special chip technology and other password features prevent this, they say. Also, the cardholder's fingerprint -- rather than being visible on the card -- is encrypted in the card itself: To reveal the fingerprint, the card must be inserted into a special biometric device that compares the encrypted print with that of the person claiming to be the cardholder.
For anyone who has read Orwell's "Nineteen Eighty-Four," where "telescreens" keep track of people's lives, this new biometric technology will seem like fiction come to life. It's showing up everywhere. By the end of this year, U.S. passport agencies hope to issue "electronic passports" with computer chips that have digital photos of the holders. With the help of face-recognition machines, airport security can compare a photo with the face of the passport holder. For two years, an American corporation, VeriChip, has sold government-approved electronic chips that are inserted under people's skin to give doctors instant access to patients' medical histories.
In 2008, as mandated by the Real ID Act, states plan to issue driver's licenses linked to a database that includes each license holder's photo and Social Security number. These licenses (civil liberties groups call them national identity cards) will likely include a biometric photo of the driver accessible by authorities.
In the meantime, banks are considering using iris scans and even palm scans at ATMs in an effort to cut down on fraud. (In 1999, Bank United in Texas adopted iris-scan technology at three of its ATMs in a test that was discontinued when Washington Mutual took over the bank.)
Some people love the new technology. Others shun it.
Pay By Touch admits it has encountered some resistance among shoppers it approached in supermarkets that already use the company's fingerprint service. But Morris, its president, says many of these customers are quickly won over by the convenience of Pay By Touch, which is free for consumers, and that the company keeps data points based on users' fingerprints, not actual fingerprints. So far, supermarkets in 40 states use the Pay By Touch system.
Pay By Touch, which is based in San Francisco, wouldn't say which Bay Area supermarket chain will start using its fingerprint system in the next four months -- only that the chain will use the system in just a handful of its Bay Area stores. Pay By Touch users sign up voluntarily and are under no obligation to use it at the checkout line.
Pay By Touch says it takes great care to safeguard its users' data. After fingerprints are converted into algorithms, they're encrypted, then stored in IBM computers. Those algorithms can't be reconverted into an exact copy of the fingerprint, though Pay By Touch may eventually store users' actual fingerprints if the technology improves, Morris says. The company insists it will never sell users' personal information or fingerprints to anyone else -- a pledge that's backed up in writing when users sign up with the company. But what if federal authorities, citing national security, insist on the finger scan and payment history of a Pay By Touch user?
Pam Dixon, who heads the World Privacy Forum, a public research group, went to Chicago to warn potential Pay By Touch users about possible dangers.
"It didn't stick," she says. "People were (more) concerned with (convenience than) the potential risks. People can put their thumb on a pad and be done with it. But meanwhile, their biometric data is sitting with another company, a third party, that's subject to subpoena. One argument that I made: Let's say that every supermarket in the country, particularly the large chains, (use) a biometric payment system. It's a law enforcement dream because who needs a biometric database run by the U.S. government when you've got one being run by private companies?"
Citing the recent disclosure by the Veterans Administration, which said a computer with credit information on millions of veterans had been stolen, Dixon says, "The second issue is information security. If the VA can't keep its records secure, which is a government agency that has all sorts of strict controls that are supposed to be in place, how on Earth can a private company without the resources of something like the VA manage to keep something secure? When we have a credit card stolen, we can call the credit card company and say, 'Give me a new number.' But you can't do that with your biometric. You can't say, 'Give me a new fingerprint.' "
Morris dismisses such concerns, saying that Pay By Touch will actually decrease the likelihood that consumers' credit information is stolen or misappropriated. "I think (Pay By Touch users) get pretty rapidly that it's the ultimate way to secure their private data," he says. "It connects (their accounts) to something that's uniquely them, as opposed to handing a credit card over to a stranger or writing a personal check that seven or eight humans touch before it gets in their statement. Securing information by a biometric is a giant leap forward. (Users) like that they don't have to pull their card out anymore. They (tell us they) like that they don't have to carry their (purses or wallets) through the parking lot of an urban supermarket. There's a physical security benefit. Their numbers are never displayed. The safety of securing their data is the No. 1 thing they like."
The marketplace will determine whether the public is ready to accept commercial fingerprint identification. Investors in Pay By Touch believe that day is here, capitalizing the company with $190 million in the past 12 months. More than 2.5 million shoppers already use the Pay By Touch system. Morris envisions a day when all stores -- even mom-and-pop ones -- offer a Pay By Touch option.
Soon, customers will be able to use Pay By Touch from home with the help of fingerprint readers attached to their computers. In ancient China, rulers would put their fingerprints on documents to give them an official seal. Artists would also mark their work with prints. It wasn't until the late 1800s that authorities realized they could use fingerprints to catch criminals. Their evolution as a way to pay for groceries is a 21st century twist fueled by technology. It's also a trade-off between privacy and convenience. Welcome to the brave new world in Aisle 5. |
10:38 - 1/3/2009 - {yok} -
by: Marco Terry | What is trade credit?
One of the major differences between consumer and commercial transactions is that most, if not all, consumer transactions are paid in cash or by credit card at the time of sale. Because of this, most consumer businesses never have to worry about extending credit to a customer and can run their operations on an "all cash" basis. This allows them to focus on their core competencies because they don't have to carry slow paying Accounts Receivables and go through the expense of collecting on such accounts.
However, commercial transactions are different. Most clients ask their suppliers to deliver services immediately and then to invoice them for the work, payable 30 days later (also known as offering net-30). In effect, clients ask their suppliers provide them with "trade credit" for 30 days. Although suppliers don't like offering trade credit, most have accepted it as an industry standard and have learned how to operate and live with it. In fact, some suppliers have even mastered how to offer trade credit and use it to better position their companies with leading clients. Large creditworthy customers, such as the government or large companies, will usually demand trade credit as part of their contract negotiations. Some examples of entities that ask for 30 to 60 day payment terms are:
o Fortune 500 companies
o Large and medium sized companies
o State government agencies
o Federal government agencies
On the positive side, providing trade credit to the proper clients can be a tool that allows your company to win important contracts and position it for growth. However, providing credit is also risky and can erode the company's cash position if it is misused. Furthermore, offering trade credit to less-than-creditworthy clients can burden the company with bad debt and affect its growth prospects. Because of this, business owners must walk a fine line balancing their desires to grow their businesses with the necessities of offering credit to their customers.
Keys to providing trade credit successfully
The best way to minimize the risk of providing trade credit to a client is to perform a credit analysis on him. Although no credit analysis is 100% perfect, they allow business owners to make an informed decision on whom to issue credit to. Here are the three key points to making a credit analysis.
o Have the customer fill out a credit application
Have all your customers that want credit fill out a simple credit application. This will allow you to have all relevant facts in a single document. The application should ask for the following information:
1. Company structure
2. Banking relationships
3. Commercial references
4. Supplier references
o Check bank and supplier references
In their credit applications most clients will only list banking and commercial relationships that will position them in a favorable light - however - it is always a good idea to check on all of them anyway. Banks will only be able to confirm that the client has an account with them. Supplier references, however, may provide critical information regarding the clients' payment habits.
o Check commercial credit reports
There are a number of companies that sell commercial credit reports on businesses. As opposed to consumer credit reports that require special permissions, commercial credit reports can be obtained for any business without asking for prior permission. Reports vary in their level of detail and accuracy and can be obtained for as little as a few dollars. However, all reports will include important information to help your credit department make a decision. More detailed reports will cost a few hundred dollars. You can obtain credit reports from the following companies:
a) Dun & Bradstreet (www.dnb.com)
b) Experian (www.experian.com)
c) Credit.net (www.credit.net)
Doing a credit analysis on your clients will allow you to determine how much - if any - trade credit you can give them. Clients that do not have a favorable credit analysis should be placed on a COD (Cash On Delivery) basis, at least initially, to reduce the risk of non-payments.
The challenges of offering trade credit
One of the main drawbacks of providing trade credit is that it can create a cash flow problem for the company that offers it. Large suppliers with adequate cash cushions in the bank can easily afford to offer credit. However, small suppliers with lean bank accounts usually find that offering credit will drain their cash resources and create financial challenges. It is not uncommon for small businesses to find themselves with a cash flow gap after offering trade credit to their larger clients. This gap is created by the fact that the company's Accounts Receivable account is strong while the company's bank accounts and cash position are weak. The cash flow gap places the business at risk of missing payroll and debt payments. It also prevents it from pursuing new opportunities because they don't have the funds to buy resources or hire the necessary staff.
Bridging the "cash flow" gap
The biggest asset that most new businesses have, aside from their equipment and intangibles (e.g. employees), is their unpaid invoices or Accounts Receivable. Accounts Receivable is an asset that can be quickly converted into cash by using a financial tool called factoring. Factoring allows a business to sell the financial rights to their Accounts Receivable to a third party, called a Factor. As part of the sale, the factor immediately advances a large portion of the cash value of the unpaid invoices to the business. The business can then use this cash infusion to strengthen its cash position and meet its obligations. In the meantime, the factor, which now owns the invoices, waits to get paid by the customer. Factoring enables business owners to outsource their trade credit function to the factor and to turn their companies into the equivalent of an "all cash" business. If you want to learn more about factoring and how it can be used to grow your business, please read our white paper titled "Factoring: Cash on Demand for your business without debt or loans"
About the author:
About Commercial Capital, LLC and Marco Terry
Commercial Capital, LLC is a leading commercial finance company that specializes in providing working capital through factoring to small businesses. For more information or a free consultation, please visit our web sites at |
21:13 - 26/2/2009 - {yok} -
HSBC Holdings was established in 1990 to become the parent company to The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation in preparation for its purchase of Midland Bank and a change of domicile for the transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong. Shares in HSBC Holdings were first listed on the London Stock Exchange and Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 1991. The acquisition of Midland Bank giving HSBC a substantial presence in the UK was completed in 1992 and the headquarters of HSBC Holdings moved from 1 Queens Road Central, Hong Kong to 10 Lower Thames Street, London in 1993.
Major acquisitions in South America started with the purchase of Banco Bamerindus of Brazil for $1bn in March 1997 and the acquisition of Roberts SA de Inversiones of Argentina for $600m in May 1997. In May 1999 HSBC embarked on a major acquisition in the United States with the purchase of Republic National Bank of New York for $10.3bn. Expansion into Continental Europe took place in April 2000 with the acquisition of Crédit Commercial de France, a large French bank for £6.6bn. In July 2001 HSBC bought Demirbank, an insolvent Turkish bank. Then in August 2002 HSBC acquired Grupo Financiero Bital, SA de CV, Mexico's largest retail bank for $1.1bn. The new headquarters of HSBC Holdings at 8 Canada Square, London officially opened in April 2003. In November 2002 HSBC expanded in the United States acquiring Household International, a US credit card issuer for £9bn. In a 2003 cover story, The Banker noted "when banking historians look back, they may conclude that [it] was the deal of the first decade of the 21st century". Then in September 2003 HSBC bought Polski Kredyt Bank SA of Poland for $7.8m. A terrorist attack took place in November 2003: a bomb blast in Istanbul damaged the bank’s head office in Turkey, causing several deaths and hundreds of injuries. In October 2003 HSBC bought the Bank of Bermuda for $1.3bn. In June 2004 HSBC expanded into China buying 19.9% of the Bank of Communications of Shanghai. In the United Kingdom HSBC acquired Marks & Spencer Retail Financial Services Holdings Ltd for £763m in December 2004. Acquisitions in 2005 included Metris Inc, a US credit card issuer for $1.6bn in August and 70.1% of Dar Es Salaam Investment Bank of Iraq in October.In April 2006 HSBC bought the 90 branches in Argentina of Banca Nazionale del Lavoro for $155m.Later that year, in July HSBC bought Grupo Banistmo, the largest financial services company in Central America, based in Panama for $1.8bn. In December 2007 HSBC acquired The Chinese Bank in Taiwan. In May 2008 HSBC acquired IL&FS Investment, an Indian retail broking firm.
Operations
Corporate profileIn February 2008, HSBC was named the world's most valuable banking brand by The Banker magazine. Not known for marked fluctuations in securities exchanges around the world relative to its rivals, HSBC is more well known in banking circles for its conservative and risk-averse approach in its business operations - a company tradition going back to the 19th century. In its technical management, however, HSBC has recently suffered a series of headline-making incidents in which some customer data were allegedly leaked or simply went missing. Although the consequences turned out to be small, the embarrassing effect on the group's image did not go unnoticed. As of April 2, 2008, according to Forbes magazine, HSBC was the fourth largest bank in the world in terms of assets ($2,348.98 billion), the second largest in terms of sales ($146.50 billion), the largest in terms of market value ($180.81 billion). It was also the most profitable bank in the world with $19.13 billion in net income in 2007 (compared to Citigroup's $3.62 billion and Bank of America's $14.98 billion in the same period). HSBC is by far the largest bank both in the United Kingdom and in Hong Kong and prints most of Hong Kong's local currency in its own name. Since the end of 2005, HSBC has been the largest banking group in the world by Tier 1 capital. The HSBC Group has a significant presence in each of the world's major financial markets, with the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe each representing around one third of the business. With 9,500 offices in 85 countries, 210,000 shareholders, 330,000 staff and 128 million customers worldwide, HSBC arguably has the most international presence among the world's multinational banking giants. The HSBC Group operates as a number of local banks around the world. Outlined below are countries which, in 2007, generated the top 20 profit before tax figures, with the addition of the United States as specific issues exclude that country from the top 20 for 2007.[34] For details of other group companies see Category:HSBC.
 HSBC Bank International. HSBC Bank International Limited is the offshore banking arm of the HSBC Group, focusing on providing offshore solutions and cross border services to expatriates and migrants. It provides a full range of multi-currency personal banking services to a range of customer segments, including a full internet banking and telephone banking service. Sometimes referred to as "HSBC Offshore", the business also offers independent financial planning, and has representative offices all over the world, often working alongside local HSBC operations in those regions. HSBC Bank International originated from the business started by Midland Bank and is based in the Channel Islands with further operations on the Isle of Man. Its operations in the Channel Islands are centred around its registered headquarters on the seafront in St Helier, Jersey. Named 'HSBC House', the building comprises departments such as Premier, Global Funds & Investments, e-Business and a 24 hour 'Direct Banking Centre'
21:10 - 25/2/2009 - {yok} -
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